Heliography used the light sensitivity of bitumen, dissolved in a solvent and coated on to a glass, metal or stone plate. Prolonged exposure to sunlight in a camera (or under a waxed engraving) selectively hardened the bitumen, and subsequent washing with solvent removed the unexposed (and therefore unhardened) areas. The remaining bitumen formed a visible image that could be employed as a resist in etching or lithographic printing. (Grove DOA)